Fístula aorto-entérica y ley de Murphy / Aorto-enteric fistula and Murphy's law

OBJETIVO: Reflejar nuestra frustración al perder un paciente, no porque su infrecuente patología sea de por sí muy grave, sino por el acumulo sobreañadido de otros motivos diagnósticos, y terapéuticos en un entorno hospitalario de epidemia Covid-19. MÉTODO: Primero describimos el proceso diagnóstico, terapéutico y evolutivo (27 febrero al 25 marzo 2020) de un varón de 73 años portador de una fístula aorto-entérica secundaria a un bypass aorto-bifemoral, implantado doce años antes en otro hospital. Después presentamos nuestra experiencia (1978-2020) en este tipo de situaciones, y finalmente realizamos una revisión de la literatura (1953-2020) al respecto. RESULTADOS: A) Caso clínico: ausencia de diagnóstico precoz, fracaso de la técnica operatoria elegida, importantes complicaciones postoperatorias (hemorragia, infarto cerebral y neumonía bilateral por coronavirus) que finalizo en exitus. B) Experiencia personal: cuatro casos (incluido el referido). C) Revisión de la literatura: tres revisiones sistemáticas: 564 casos (1953-1993); 386 casos en 58 publicaciones (1991-2006), 823 pacientes en 216 publicaciones (1995-2015) y 20 casos en 14 publicaciones (2016-2020). CONCLUSIÓN: Si en situaciones normales una fístula aorto-entérica es una condición que amenaza seriamente la vida del paciente (hemorragia y/o infección), no debe extrañar que en situaciones excepcionales esa situación de gravedad se incremente. No obstante, de estas malas experiencias estamos obligados a sacar enseñanzas que beneficien a otros en el futuro

OBJECTIVE: To reflect our frustration when losing a patient, not because their infrequent pathology is in itself very serious, but because of the accumulation of other diagnostic and therapeutic reasons in a hospital environment of the Covid-19 epidemic. METHOD: First we describe the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary process (February 27 to March 25, 2020) of a 73-year-old male with an aorto-enteric fistula secondary to an aorto-bifemoral bypass, implanted twelve years earlier in another hospital. Then we present our experience (1978-2020) in this type of situation, and finally we carried out a review of the literature (1953-2020) in this regard. RESULTS: A) Clinical case: absence of early diagnosis, failure of the chosen operative technique, significant postoperative complications (hemorrhage, cerebral infarction and bilateral coronavirus pneumonia) that ended in death. B) Personal experience: four cases (including the referred one). C) Literature review: three systematic reviews: 564 cases (1953-1993); 386 cases in 58 publications (1991-2006), 823 patients in 216 publications (1995-2015) and 20 cases in 14 publications (2016-2020). CONCLUSION: If in normal situations an aorto-enteric fistula is a condition that seriously threatens the patient's life (hemorrhage and / or infection), it should not be surprising that in exceptional situations this serious situation increases. However, from these bad experiences we are obliged to draw lessons that will benefit others in the future

Predictive performance of glomerular filtration rate estimation equations based on cystatin C versus serum creatinine values in critically ill patients.

PURPOSE: The predictive performance of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation equations based on cystatin C versus serum creatinine (SCr) values in critically ill patients was evaluated. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital from October 2006 through September 2007. All consecutively admitted critically ill patients older than 18 years who stayed in the ICU for more than 48 hours with a urinary bladder catheter in place were included in the study. Data collected included SCr, cystatin C, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and 24-hour urine creatinine clearance [Formula: see text] levels. The following equations were also used to determine the estimated GFR that was compared with the reference [Formula: see text] for all patients in the study: Arnal-Dade using cystatin C, Cockcroft-Gault using actual body weight, Cockcroft-Gault using ideal body weight, Jelliffe, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and four-variable version MDRD (MDRD-4). RESULTS: This study included 241 measurements corresponding to 131 critically ill patients. The cystatin C-based equation underestimated [Formula: see text], whereas overestimation by every SCr-based formula was observed in the whole cohort and in the [Formula: see text] subgroup; MDRD-4 was the most biased equation in every analysis. There were no significant differences in precision, except for great variability in the subgroup with a [Formula: see text] of <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), where the MDRD equation showed better results than the cystatin C-based equation (33.5% versus 38.9%). No equations fulfilled concordance requirements with [Formula: see text]. CONCLUSION: A retrospective observational study showed no evidence of superiority of a cystatin C-based equation over SCr-based equations to estimate the GFR in an ICU population.